Top 10 Cognitive Biases That Make You Lose Marks in UPSC Prelims

Your brain, not the syllabus, is your biggest enemy in the exam hall.

UPSC is designed to test thinking under pressure. Even well-prepared aspirants lose marks because of psychological traps — not lack of knowledge. These traps are called cognitive biases.

1. Strong Statement Bias

Statements with **always, never, only, completely, entirely** feel wrong. UPSC knows this — and sometimes makes such statements true to trap you.

2. Familiarity Bias

If a statement contains a familiar keyword, aspirants tend to assume it is correct even if the context is wrong.

3. Length Bias

Longer options appear more accurate. But UPSC often hides false information inside long sentences.

4. Confidence Bias

Aspirants think they “know this one” and mark answers impulsively. This leads to overconfidence errors.

5. Risk-Aversion Bias

Some aspirants skip questions even after eliminating 2 options due to fear of negative marking.

6. Panic Bias

When 5–6 questions go wrong in a row, panic sets in and reasoning breaks down.

7. Confirmation Bias

Aspirants choose the statement that “matches their belief” rather than the correct fact.

8. Recency Bias

Recently studied topics feel more important. UPSC uses this illusion to mislead aspirants.

9. Negativity Bias

A single scary word like “pollution”, “extinction”, or “constitutional crisis” pushes aspirants to choose incorrect negative options.

10. Survivor Bias

Aspirants copy strategies of toppers without understanding their skill level or elimination accuracy.

How ORA India Helps Identify These Biases

Conclusion

Clearing UPSC is more about improving your thinking accuracy than memorizing facts. Once you eliminate these biases, your score increases by 20–40 marks instantly.